What are “GET” and “POST”?

GET: we are submitting a form to login.php, when we do submit or similar action, values are sent through visible query string (notice ./login.php?username=…&password=… as URL when executing the script login.php) and is retrieved by login.php by $_GET['username'] and $_GET['password'].

POST: we are submitting a form to login.php, when we do submit or similar action, values are sent through invisible standard input (notice ./login.php) and is retrieved by login.php by $_POST['username'] and $_POST['password'].

POST method data is sent by standard input (nothing shown in URL when posting while in GET method data is sent through query string.

• PHP - Echo?php $myiString = "Hi!"; echo $myiString; echo "I love PHP!"; ?   Display: Hi! I love  PHP!  A simple form example     1 2 3 Building a Form 4 5 6 " 7 method="get" 8 9 Search: 10 1… Read More
• PHP Array Functionsarray_change_key_case — Changes all keys in an array array_chunk — Split an array into chunks array_combine — Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values array_count_values — Counts all the value… Read More
• Php Directory Functionschdir — Change directory chroot — Change the root directory closedir — Close directory handle dir — Return an instance of the Directory class getcwd — Gets the current working directory opendir — Open directory handle read… Read More
• Php Mysql Image upload?php // 1. Gem modtagne formulardata i variabler: $navn = $_POST['navn']; $alder = $_POST['alder']; $postnr = $_POST['postnr']; $mail = $_POST['mail']; $billede = $_FILES['profilbillede']; $password = $_POST['… Read More
• PHP MySQL Functionsmysql_field_len — Returns the length of the specified field mysql_field_name — Get the name of the specified field in a result mysql_field_seek — Set result pointer to a specified field offset mysql_field_table — Get … Read More
• Length of a StringThe length property of a string is determined with the strlen( ) function, which returns the number of eight-bit characters in the subject string: integer strlen(string subject) We used strlen( ) earlier in the chapter t… Read More
• Defining FunctionsThere are already many functions built into PHP. However, you can define your own and organize your code into functions. To define your own functions, start out with the function statement: function some_function([argumen… Read More
• PHP HTTP Functionsob_deflatehandler — Deflate output handler ob_etaghandler — ETag output handler ob_inflatehandler — Inflate output handler http_parse_cookie — Parse HTTP cookie http_parse_headers — Parse HTTP headers http_parse_message — P… Read More
• PHP Date / Time Functionscheckdate — Validate a Gregorian date date_add — Alias of DateTime::add date_create_from_format — Alias of DateTime::createFromFormat date_create — Alias of DateTime::__construct date_date_set — Alias of DateTime::setDate …Read More
• PHP Zip File Functionszip_close — Close a ZIP file archive zip_entry_close — Close a directory entry zip_entry_compressedsize — Retrieve the compressed size of a directory entry zip_entry_compressionmethod — Retrieve the compression meth… Read More
• Including and Requiring PHP FilesTo make your code more readable, you can place your functions in a separate file. Many PHP add-ons that you download off the Internet contain functions already placed into files that you simply include in your PHP program… Read More
• Creating ArraysPHP provides the array( ) language construct that creates arrays. The following examples show how arrays of integers and strings can be constructed and assigned to variables for later use: $numbers = array(5, 4, 3, 2, 1);… Read More
• File Manipulation11.3. File Manipulation There may be times when you don't want to store information in a database and may want to work directly with a file instead. An example is a logfile that tracks when your application can't co… Read More
• PHP Configuration DirectivesAlthough the focus of this book is application security, there are a few configuration directives with which any security-conscious developer should be familiar. The configuration of PHP can affect the behavior of the cod… Read More
• Showing the Browser and IP AddressHere is a simple page that prints out the browser string and the IP address of the HTTP request. Create a file with the following content in your web directory, name it something like example.php3, and load it in your bro… Read More

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What is the default session time in php and how can I change it?

The default session time in php is until closing of browser

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What are the MySQL database files stored in system ?

Data is stored in name.myd
Table structure is stored in name.frm
Index is stored in name.myi

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What are the differences between mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_object(), mysql_fetch_row()?

mysql_fetch_array() -> Fetch a result row as a combination of associative array and regular array.
mysql_fetch_object() -> Fetch a result row as an object.
mysql_fetch_row() -> Fetch a result set as a regular array().

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What Is a Persistent Cookie?

A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser's computer. By default, cookies are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser's memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their differences:
*Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information.
*Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information.
*Temporary cookies are safer because no programs other than the browser can access them.
*Persistent cookies are less secure because users can open cookie files see the cookie values.

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What function can be used to encode passwords for storage in the database

The md5() function creates a one-way encoding of the password.

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Where is the data for a cookie stored?

Cookies are stored on the web user's hard drive.

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How can we get second of the current time using date function?

$second = date("s");

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php and pdf

Documents and Pages A PDF document is made up of a number of pages. Each page contains text and/or images.Put text onto  the pages, and send the pages back to the browser when you're done.     <?php require("../fpdf/fpdf.php"); // path to fpdf.php $pdf = new FPDF( ); $pdf->AddPage( ); $pdf->SetFont('Arial','B',16); $pdf->Cell(40,10,'Hello Out There!'); $pdf->Output( ); ?>  follows the basic steps involved in creating a PDF document. The cell concept in the FPDF Library is that of a rectangular area on the page that you can create and control.  This cell can have a height, width, a border, and of course can contain text. The basic syntax for the cell method is as follows: Cell(float w [, float h [, string txt [, mixed border [, int ln [,  string align [, int fill [, mixed link]]]]]]]) The first option is the width, then the height, then the text to be outputted, then border, then new line control, then its alignment, any fill colour for the text, and finally if you want the text to be an HTML link. So, for example, if we want to change our original example to have a border and be center  aligned we would change the cell code to the following: $pdf->Cell(90,10,'Hello Out There!',1,0,'C'); The cell method is used extensively while generating PDF documents with fpdf, Demonstrating coordinates and line management <?php require("../fpdf/fpdf.php"); $pdf = new FPDF('P', 'in', 'Letter'); $pdf->AddPage( ); $pdf->SetFont('Arial','B',24); // Cell(W, H, 'text', Border, Return, 'Allign') - basic syntax $pdf->Cell(0,0,'Top Left!',0,1,'L'); $pdf->Cell(6,0.5,'Top Right!',1,0,'R'); $pdf->ln(4.5); $pdf->Cell(0,0,'This is the middle!',0,0,'C'); $pdf->ln(5.3); $pdf->Cell(0,0,'Bottom Left!',0,0,'L'); $pdf->Cell(0,0,'Bottom Right!',0,0,'R'); $pdf->Output( ); ?>

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Declaring a Class

To design your program or code library in an object-oriented fashion, you'll need to define your own classes, using the class keyword.
A class definition includes the class name and the properties and methods of the class. Class names are case-insensitive and must conform to the rules for PHP identifiers. The class name stdClass is reserved. Here's the syntax for a class definition:

class classname [ extends baseclass ]
    {
        [ var $property [ = value ]; ... ]

        [ function functionname (args) {
              // code
          }
          ...
        ]
    }

Declaring Methods

A method is a function defined inside a class. Although PHP imposes no special restrictions, most methods act only on data within the object in which the method resides. Method names beginning with two underscores (_ _) may be used in the future by PHP (and are currently used for the object serialization methods _ _sleep( ) and _ _wakeup( ), described later in this chapter, among others), so it's recommended that you do not begin your method names with this sequence.

Within a method, the $this variable contains a reference to the object on which the method was called. For instance, if you call $rasmus->birthday( ) inside the birthday( ) method, $this holds the same value as $rasmus. Methods use the $this variable to access the properties of the current object and to call other methods on that object.

Here's a simple class definition of the Person class that shows the $this variable in action:

class Person { var $name; function get_name ( ) { return $this->name; } function set_name ($new_name) { $this->name = $new_name; } }

As you can see, the get_name( ) and set_name( ) methods use $this to access and set the $name property of the current object.

To declare a method as a static method, use the static keyword. Inside of static methods the variable $this is not defined. For example:

class HTML_Stuff {
static function start_table( ) {
echo "<table border='1'>\n";
 } static function end_table ( ) {
echo "</table>\n";
}
}
HTML_Stuff::start_table( ); // print HTML table rows and columns HTML_Stuff::end_table( );

Declaring Properties

In the previous definition of the Person class, we explicitly declared the $name property. Property declarations are optional and are simply a courtesy to whoever maintains your program. It's good PHP style to declare your properties, but you can add new properties at any time.

Here's a version of the Person class that has an undeclared $name property:

    class Person {
        function get_name (  )
        {
            return $this->name;    }

        function set_name ($new_name) {
            $this->name = $new_name;
        }
    }

You can assign default values to properties, but those default values must be simple constants:

    var $name = 'J Doe';       // works
    var $age  = 0;             // works
    var $day  = 60*60*24;      // doesn't work

Using access modifiers, you can change the visibility of properties. Properties that are accessible outside the object's scope should be declared public; properties on an instance that can only be accessed by methods within the same class should be declared private.

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