Associative Arrays?

You can use string values as keys. For example, you might create an array
like this:

$myStuff = array();
$myStuff[“name”] = “andy”;
$myStuff[“email”] = “andy@fsdsd.ca”;
Print $myStuff[“name”];

Associative arrays are different than normal (numeric-indexed) arrays in
some subtle but important ways:
The order is undefined. Regular arrays are always sorted based on the
numeric index. You don’t know what order an associative array will be
because the keys aren’t numeric.

 You must specify a key. If you’re building a numeric-indexed array, PHP
can always guess what key should be next. This isn’t possible with an
associative array.

 Associative arrays are best for name-value pairs. Associative arrays are
used when you want to work with data that comes in name/value pairs.
This comes up a lot in PHP and XHTML. XHTML attributes are often in
this format, as are CSS rules and form input elements.

✦ Some of PHP’s most important values are associative arrays. The $_
REQUEST variable (described in Chapter 3 of this minibook) is an important
associative array. So are $_GET, $_POST, and several others.

Make sure to include quotation marks if you’re using a string as an array
index.

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Arrays and HTML

Arrays are great because they’re used to hold lists of data in your programming
language. Of course, HTML already has other ways of working with
lists. The <ul> and <ol> tags are both used for visual representations of
lists, and the <select> object is used to let the user choose from a list. It’s
very common to build these HTML structures from arrays.

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Learning the MySQL Data Types

MySQL uses many different data types, broken into three categories: numeric, date and time, and string types.

 INT—A normal-sized integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the
allowable range is from –2147483648 to 2147483647. If unsigned, the allowable
range is from 0 to 4294967295. You can specify a width of up to 11 digits.

. TINYINT—A small integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the allowable
range is from –128 to 127. If unsigned, the allowable range is from 0 to
255. You can specify a width of up to 4 digits.

 SMALLINT—A small integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the
allowable range is from –32768 to 32767. If unsigned, the allowable range is
from 0 to 65535. You can specify a width of up to 5 digits.

 MEDIUMINT—A medium-sized integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed,
the allowable range is from –8388608 to 8388607. If unsigned, the allowable
range is from 0 to 16777215. You can specify a width of up to 9 digits.

 BIGINT—A large integer that can be signed or unsigned. If signed, the allowable
range is from –9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807. If
unsigned, the allowable range is from 0 to 18446744073709551615. You can
specify a width of up to 11 digits.

FLOAT(M,D)—A floating-point number that cannot be unsigned. You can
define the display length (M) and the number of decimals (D). This is not
required and defaults to 10,2, where 2 is the number of decimals and 10 is the
total number of digits (including decimals). Decimal precision can go to 24
places for a FLOAT.

 DOUBLE(M,D)—A double-precision floating-point number that cannot be
unsigned. You can define the display length (M) and the number of decimals
(D). This is not required and will default to 16,4, where 4 is the number of
decimals. Decimal precision can go to 53 places for a DOUBLE. REAL is a synonym
for DOUBLE.


DECIMAL(M,D)—An unpacked floating-point number that cannot be unsigned.
In unpacked decimals, each decimal corresponds to 1 byte. Defining the display
length (M) and the number of decimals (D) is required. NUMERIC is a synonym
for DECIMAL.

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$_GET , $_POST,$_COOKIE??

$_GET contains any variables provided to a script through the GET method.
 $_POST contains any variables provided to a script through the POST method.
 $_COOKIE contains any variables provided to a script through a cookie.

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What line should you add to the Apache configuration file to ensure that the .php extension is recognized?

This line ensures that Apache will treat files ending with the .php extension as
PHP scripts:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

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php.ini Basics

After you have compiled or installed PHP, you can still change its behavior
with the php.ini file. On Linux/UNIX systems, the default location for this file is
/usr/local/php/lib or the lib subdirectory of the PHP installation location you
used at configuration time. On a Windows system, this file should be in the PHP
directory or another directory as specified by the value of PHPIniDir in the Apache

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What Is a Function?

You can think of a function as an input/output machine. This machine takes the raw
materials you feed it (input) and works with them to produce a product (output). A function
accepts values, processes them, and then performs an action (printing to the browser,
for example), returns a new value, or both.

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How do you convert the while statement you created in question 3 into a for statement?

$num = 1;
while ($num <= 49) {
echo $num.”<br />”;
$num += 2;
}

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JavaScript Form Validation

 JavaScript Form Validation. JavaScript can be used to validate data in HTML forms


<script type="text/javascript">
function validate_all()
    {
    var frmReg=document.manageadmin;
  
  
  
    if(frmReg.name.value.search(/\S/) == -1)
        {
            alert("Please enter name.");
            frmReg.name.focus();
            return false;
        }
  
  
    if(frmReg.textEmail.value.search(/\S/) == -1)
        {
            alert("Please enter Email.");
            frmReg.textEmail.focus();
            return false;
        }
  

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Embedding Content for Plug-Ins

Although never officially a part of any HTML specification, the <<embed>> tag is most often used to include embedded objects for Netscape and Internet Explorer. A Macromedia Flash file might be embedded as follows:

<<embed id="demo" name="demo"
 src="http://www.javascriptref.com/examples/ch18/flash.swf"
 width="318" height="252" play="true" loop="false"
 pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"
 swliveconnect="true">><</embed>>

The most important attributes of the <<embed>> tag are src, which gives the URL of the embedded object, and pluginspage, which indicates to the browser where the required plug-in is to be found if it is not installed in the browser. Plug-in vendors typically make available the embedding syntax, so check their site for the value of pluginspage.

Recall that applets embedded with <<object>> tags are passed initial parameters in <<param>> tags. The syntax of <<embed>> is different in that initial parameters are passed using attributes of the element itself. For instance, in the preceding example the play attribute tells the plug-in to immediately begin playing the specified file.

The <<object>> element is the newer, official way to include embedded objects of any kind in your pages. However, <<object>> is not supported in Netscape browsers prior to version 4, and <<embed>> continues to be supported by new browsers. So it is unlikely that <<object>> will completely supplant <<embed>> any time in the near future.

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