whiat is fuzzy logic?

A form of logic used in some expert systems and other artificial-intelligence applications in which variables can have degrees of truthfulness or falsehood represented by a range of values between 1-true and  0 -false. With fuzzy logic, the outcome of an operation can be expressed as a probability rather than as a certainty. For example, an outcome might be probably true, possibly true, possibly false, or probably false.

fuzzy set :- A set constructed using the principles of fuzzy logic. It is used in artificial intelligence to deal with vague or continuous data that cannot be expressed by conventional set theory. In a fuzzy set, the membership function for the set of objects is not binary but continuous, such that an object may be a member of the set to a specific degree or arbitrary value. In computer programming, a fuzzy set is usually effectively represented by an array.

what is file fragmentation?

The breaking apart of files as they are stored by the operating system into small, separate segments on disk. The condition is a natural consequence of enlarging files and saving them on a crowded disk that no longer contains contiguous blocks of free space large enough to hold them. File fragmentation is not an integrity problem, although it can eventually slow read and write access times if the disk is very full and storage is badly fragmented. Software products are available for redistributing optimizing file storage to reduce fragmentation. 2. In a database, a situation in which records are not stored in their optimal access sequence because of accumulated additions and deletions of records. Most database systems offer or contain utility programs that resequence records to improve efficiency of access and to aggregate free space occupied by deleted records. 

The structure of a file that defines the way it is stored and laid out on the screen or in print. The format can be fairly simple and common, as are files stored as “plain” ASCII text, or it can be quite complex and include various types of control instructions and codes used by programs, printers, and other devices. Examples include RTF -Rich Text Format, DCA -Document Content Architecture, PICT, DIF-Data Interchange Format, DXF -Data Exchange File, TIFF-Tagged Image File Format, and EPSF -Encapsulated PostScript Format. 

Engineer jov at BHARAT ELECTRONICS LIMITED

Bharat Electronics Ltd., a Navratna Company and India’s premier Professional Electronics Company, requires outstanding professionals in the field of Mechanical and Electrical/ Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE) for its Unit located in Navi Mumbai  :
  • Deputy Engineer (Mechanical) : 03 posts, Pay Scale :  Rs.16400/- 3% Rs.40500/-
  • Deputy Engineer (Electrical/EEE) : 02 posts, Pay Scale :  Rs.16400/- 3% Rs.40500/-
  • Senior Engineer (Mechanical) : 03 posts, Pay Scale :  Rs. 20600/- 3% Rs. 46500/-
  • Senior Engineer (Electrical/EEE) : 02 posts, Pay Scale : Rs. 20600/- 3% Rs. 46500/-

How to Apply :  Interested candidates may send the application in prescribed format superscribing on the envelope the post applied for so as to reach Dy. General Manager (HR&A), Bharat Electronics Limited, Plot No. L-1, MIDC Industrial Area, Taloja, Navi Mumbai: 410208 on or before
15/05/2014.

View details http://www.bel-india.com/recruitment

Manager Job at National Payments Corporation of India

National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) is the newly established company promoted by banks of India with an objective to build robust and state of the art national level retail electronic payment system infrastructure in the country. NPCI invites online applications for the following posts of Managers : 

  • Manager (Technology / Operations / Business Development / Risk and Audit/ Finance & Accounts) : 40 posts, Qualification : Professionally qualified like B.E/ B.Tech/ MBA/ MCA / CA / ICWA / CS or Equivalent, Age : 28-40 years,  Experience : 5-8 years
How to Apply :  Apply Online at NPCI website from 28/04/2014 to 28/06/2014.  

View details:  http://www.npci.org.in/career.aspx

Job at Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd

Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL), a subsidiary of ONGC, invites Online applications from the citizens of India for recruitment for the following posts :

  1. Dy. Manager (Finance) : 01 post (SC)
  2. Workman (Chemical) : 09 posts (SC-6, ST-3)
  3. Workman (Mechanical) : 04 posts (SC-2, ST-2)
  4. Workman (Electrical) : 01 post (ST-1)
  5. Workman (Instrumentation) : 02 posts (SC-2)
How to Apply : Application in the prescribed format should be send to The Sr. Manager (HR) Recruitment Section, Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemical Limited, Post Kuthethur, Mangalore –  575030, on or before 06/06/2014.

View details http://www.mrpl.co.in/careers

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What Is IP Filtering?

IP filtering is simply a mechanism that decides which types of IP packets will be processed normally and which will be dropped or rejected. By dropped we mean that the packet is deleted and completely ignored, as if it had never been received. By rejected we mean that the firewall sends an ICMP response to the sender indicating a reason why the packet was rejected. You can apply many different sorts of criteria to determine which packets you wish to filter. Some examples of these are:
  • Protocol type: TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc.
  • Port number (for TCP/UPD)
  • Packet type: SYN/ACK, data, ICMP Echo Request, etc.
  • Packet source address: where it came from
  • Packet destination address: where it is going to
It is important to understand at this point that IP filtering is a network layer facility. This means that it doesn't understand anything about the application using the network connections, only about the connections themselves. For example, you may deny users access to your internal network on the default Telnet port, but if you rely on IP filtering alone, you can't stop them from using the Telnet program with a port that you do allow to pass through your firewall. You can prevent this sort of problem by using proxy servers for each service that you allow across your firewall. The proxy servers understand the application that they were designed to proxy and can therefore prevent abuses, such as using the Telnet program to get past a firewall by using the World Wide Web port. If your firewall supports a World Wide Web proxy, outbound Telnet connections on the HTTP port will always be answered by the proxy and will allow only HTTP requests to pass. 

The IP filtering rule set is made up of many combinations of the criteria listed previously. For example, let's imagine that you wanted to allow World Wide Web users within the Virtual Brewery network to have no access to the Internet except to use other sites' web servers. You would configure your firewall to allow forwarding of the following:
  • Packets with a source address on Virtual Brewery network, a destination address of anywhere, and with a destination port of 80 (WWW)
  • Packets with a destination address of Virtual Brewery network and a source port of 80 (WWW) from a source address of anywhere
Note that we've used two rules here. We have to allow our data to go out, but also the corresponding reply data to come back in. In practice, as we'll see in the chapter on IP masquerade and Network Address Translation

What is data management?

The control of data from acquisition and input through processing, output, and storage. In microcomputers, hardware manages data by gathering it, moving it, and following instructions to process it. The operating system manages the hardware and ensures that the parts of the system work in harmony so that data is stored safely and accurately. Application programs manage data by receiving and processing input according to the user’s commands, and sending results to an output device or to disk storage. The user also is responsible for data management by acquiring data, labeling and organizing disks, backing up data, archiving files, and removing unneeded material from the hard disk.

HTTP status codes

Three-digit codes sent by an HTTP server that indicate the results of a request for data. Codes beginning with 1 respond to requests that the client may not have finished sending; with 2, successful requests; with 3, further action that the client must take; with 4, requests that failed because of client error; and with 5, requests that failed because of server error.
400, 401, 402, 403, 404, HTTP