Root Domains, Subdomains, and Microsites

Among the common questions in structuring a website (or restructuring one) are whether to
host content on a new domain, when to use subfolders, and when to employ microsites.
As search engines scour the Web, they identify four kinds of web structures on which to place
metrics:

Individual pages/URLs
These are the most basic elements of the Web—filenames, much like those that have been
found on computers for decades, which indicate unique documents. Search engines assign
query-independent scores—most famously, Google’s PageRank—to URLs and judge them
in their ranking algorithms. A typical URL might look something like http://
www.yourdomain.com/page.html.

Subfolders
The folder structures that websites use can also inherit or be assigned metrics by search
engines (though there’s very little information to suggest that they are used one way or
another). Luckily, they are an easy structure to understand. In the URL http://
www.yourdomain.com/blog/post17.html, “/blog/” is the subfolder and “post17.html” is the
name of the file in that subfolder. Engines may identify common features of documents
in a given subfolder and assign metrics to these such as how frequently the content
changes, how important these documents are in general, or how unique the content is
that exists in these subfolders.

Subdomains/fully qualified domains (FQDs)/third-level domains
In the URL http://blog.yourdomain.com/page.html, three kinds of domain levels are present.
The top-level domain (also called the TLD or domain extension) is “.com”, the second-level
domain is “yourdomain”, and the third-level domain is “blog”. The third-level domain is
sometimes referred to as a subdomain. Common web nomenclature does not typically apply
the word subdomain when referring to www, although technically, this too is a subdomain.
A fully qualified domain is the combination of the elements required to identify the
location of the server where the content can be found (in this example,
“blog.yourdomain.com”).
These structures can receive individual assignments of importance, trustworthiness, and
value from the engines, independent of their second-level domains, particularly on hosted
publishing platforms such as WordPress, Blogspot, Wetpaint, and so on.

Complete root domains/host domain/pay-level domains (PLDs)/second-level domains
The domain name you need to register and pay for, and the one you point DNS settings
toward, is the second-level domain (though it is commonly improperly called the “toplevel”
domain). In the URL http://www.yourdomain.com/page.html, “yourdomain.com” is the
second-level domain. Other naming conventions may refer to this as the “root” or “paylevel”
domain.

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8 Quick Tips for Using Business Social Media

    1.Create or enhance business internet listings.
    2.Research and reserve domain names.
    3.Create, improve, update, or revise a Web site for the business.
    4.Optimize Google services
    5.Create and Publish Successful blog.
    6.Create and use Facebook Fan Page.
    7.Follow industry and social media sites.
    8.Find and understand the analytical data that is available.
   

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Use social media marketing

join the appropriate communities on Flickr and post high-quality photos there. If you’re a service-oriented business, use Quora and/or Yahoo Answers to position yourself as an expert in your industry. Any business should also be looking to make use of Twitter and Facebook, as social information and signals from these are being used as part of search engine rankings for Google and Bing. With any social media site you use, the first rule is don’t spam! Be an active

Top Rated social media services

• Facebook - a social networking site that allows you to have conversations with customers, post photos and videos, promote special offers, and more
• Twitter - a 'micro-blogging' service that allows you to send and receive short messages from customers and potential customers
• YouTube - an online video-hosting service that lets people share their videos.
• Pinterest and Instagram have managed to captivate and transform users into raving fan-addicts.

 

 A social media presence is used as part of an overall online business marketing strategy, one element feeds the other. A Facebook fanpage will help grow your company blog and email lists, which in turn allows you to get your promotions out there. Social media allows you to create meaningful and personal relationships with clients and potential customers in ways that other channels don’t. By remaining active on social media channels, you become part of a community, which encourages people to take interest in your business, and hopefully convert this interest into sales.

Social Media Services develops a work plan that is designed to increase Your customer traffic and product sales.

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Applied XML Programming for Microsoft .NET

Download: Applied XML Programming for Microsoft .NET

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JasperReports 3.5 for Java Developers

Download: JasperReports 3.5 for Java Developers

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Head First Design Patterns

Download: Head First Design Patterns

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Adapting Your Site to Different Window Sizes

Modern browsers like Internet Explorer 10 support the width and height properties of the W3C Working Draft CSS Device Adaptation. This gives Web developers a simple tool to control automatic content scaling across various window dimensions. In particular, it enables sites to easily adapt to Windows 8 browsing on touch-enabled tablet devices in the snapped view and in portrait orientation.

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Testing Ajax Event Handlers using Jasmine Spies

JavaScript has several methods that execute asynchronously, such as setTimeout(), Ajax calls, as well as event-driven processes. These examples all have to wait until the current execution thread comes to an end and surrenders to the next event, making asynchronous processes hard to test. Fortunately, the Jasmine JS testing library comes equipped with a couple of tools for handling callbacks.

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Interview Questions in Core Java

1.what is a transient variable?

A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized.

2.which containers use a border Layout as their default layout?

The window, Frame and Dialog classes use a border layout as their default layout.

3.Why do threads block on I/O?

Threads block on

i/o (that is enters the waiting state) so that other threads may execute while the i/o

Operation is performed.

4. How are Observer and Observable used?

Objects that subclass the Observable class maintain a list of observers. When an Observable object is

updated it invokes the

update() method of each of its observers to notify the observers that it has changed

state. The Observer interface is implemented by objects that observe Observable objects.

5. What is synchronization and why is it important?

With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to

shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared object while

another thread is in the process of using or updating that object's value. This often leads to significant

errors.

6. Can a lock be acquired on a class?

Yes, a lock can be acquired on a class. This lock is acquired on the class's Class object.

7. What's new with the

stop(), suspend() and resume() methods in JDK 1.2?

The

stop(), suspend() and resume() methods have been deprecated in JDK 1.2.

8. Is null a keyword?

The null value is not a keyword.

9. What is the preferred size of a component?

The preferred size of a component is the minimum component size that will allow
the component to displaynormally.

10. What method is used to specify a container's layout?

ThesetLayout method is used to specify a container's layout.

11. Which containers use a FlowLayout as their default layout?

The Panel and Applet classes use the

FlowLayout as their default layout.

12. What state does a thread enter when it terminates its processing?

When a thread terminates its processing, it enters the dead state.

13. What is the Collections API?

The Collections API is a set of classes and interfaces that support operations on collections of objects.

14. Which characters may be used as the second character of an identifier, but not as the first

character of an identifier?

The digits 0 through 9 may not be used as the first character of an identifier but they may be used after the

first character of an identifier.

15. What is the List interface?

The List interface provides support for ordered collections of objects.

16. How does Java handle integer overflows and underflows?

It uses those low order bytes of the result that can fit into the size of the type allowed by the operation.

17. What is the Vector class?

The Vector class provides the capability to implement a

growable array of objects

18. What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer class?

A (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final, or abstract.

19. What is an Iterator interface?

The Iterator interface is used to step through the elements of a Collection.

20. What is the difference between the >> and >>> operators?

The >> operator carries the sign bit when shifting right.

The >>> zero-fills bits that have been shifted.

21. Which method of the Component class is used to set the position and size of a component?

setBounds

22. How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters?

Unicode requires 16 bits and ASCII require 7 bits. Although the ASCII character set uses only 7 bits, it is

usually represented as 8 bits. UTF-8 represents characters using 8, 16, and 18 bit patterns. UTF-16 uses 16-

bit and larger bit patterns.

23What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?

When a task invokes its

yield() method, it returns to the ready state. When a task invokes its

sleep()

method, it returns to the waiting state.

24. Which java.util classes and interfaces support event handling?

The EventObject class and the

EventListener interface support event processing.

25. Is sizeof a keyword?

The sizeof operator is not a keyword.

26. What are wrapped classes?

Wrapped classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.

27. Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory?

Garbage collection does not guarantee that a program will not run out of memory. It is possible for

programs to use up memory resources faster than

they are garbage collected. It is also possible for

programs to create objects that are not subject to garbage collection

28. What restrictions are placed on the location of a package statement within a source code file?

A package statement must appear as the first line in a source code file (excluding blank lines and

mplemented in a language other than Java.
29. What is final?
A final class can't be extended ie., final class may not be subclassed. A final method can't be
overridden when its class is inherited. You can't change value of a final variable is a constant
30. What if the main method is declared as private?
 The program compiles properly but at runtime it will give "Main method not public." message.
31. What if the static modifier is removed from the signature of the main method?
 Program compiles. But at runtime throws an error "NoSuchMethodError".
32. What if I write static public void instead of public static void?
 Program compiles and runs properly.

33.What if I do not provide the String array as the argument to the method?
Program compiles but throws a runtime error "NoSuchMethodError".
34.What is the first argument of the String array in main method?
The String array is empty. It does not have any element.This is unlike C/C++ where the first element by default is the program name.

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c-interview-questions-and-answers-11

c types of data?
Int, char, float, void etc. are predefined basic primitive data types.Structures and Unions are user defined data types.

 What is a structure?
Ans: Structure constitutes a super data type which represents several different data types in a single unit. A structure can be initialized if it is static or global.

  What is a union?
Ans: Union is a collection of heterogeneous data type but it uses efficient memory utilization technique by allocating enough memory to hold the largest member. Here a single area of memory contains values of different types at different time. A union can never be initialized.



What is C language?
Answers : The C programming language is a standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating system. It has since spread to many other operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming languages. C is prized for its efficiency, and is the most popular programming language for writing system software, though it is also used for writing applications. ...
printf() Function

 What is the output of printf("%d")?
Answers :1. When we write printf("%d",x); this means compiler will print the value of x. But as here, there is nothing after �%d� so compiler will show in output window garbage value.
2. When we use %d the compiler internally uses it to access the argument in the stack (argument stack). Ideally compiler determines the offset of the data variable depending on the format specification string. Now when we write printf("%d",a) then compiler first accesses the top most element in the argument stack of the printf which is %d and depending on the format string it calculated to offset to the actual data variable in the memory which is to be printed. Now when only %d will be present in the printf then compiler will calculate the correct offset (which will be the offset to access the integer variable) but as the actual data object is to be printed is not present at that memory location so it will print what ever will be the contents of that memory location.
3. Some compilers check the format string and will generate an error without the proper number and type of arguments for things like printf(...) and scanf(...).

malloc() Function- What is the difference between "calloc(...)" and "malloc(...)"?
Answers :
1. calloc(...) allocates a block of memory for an array of elements of a certain size. By default the block is initialized to 0. The total number of memory allocated will be (number_of_elements * size).
malloc(...) takes in only a single argument which is the memory required in bytes. malloc(...) allocated bytes of memory and not blocks of memory like calloc(...).
2. malloc(...) allocates memory blocks and returns a void pointer to the allocated space, or NULL if there is insufficient memory available.
calloc(...) allocates an array in memory with elements initialized to 0 and returns a pointer to the allocated space.
calloc(...) calls malloc(...) in order to use the C++ _set_new_mode function to set the new handler mode.

printf() Function- What is the difference between "printf(...)" and "sprintf(...)"?
Answers : sprintf(...) writes data to the character array whereas printf(...) writes data to the standard output device.

Compilation How to reduce a final size of executable?
Answers :Size of the final executable can be reduced using dynamic linking for libraries.

 Linked Lists -- Can you tell me how to check whether a linked list is circular?
Answers :Create two pointers, and set both to the start of the list. Update each as follows:
while (pointer1) {pointer1 = pointer1->next;
pointer2 = pointer2->next;
if (pointer2) pointer2=pointer2->next;
if (pointer1 == pointer2) {print ("circular");
}}
If a list is circular, at some point pointer2 will wrap around and be either at the item just before pointer1, or the item before that. Either way, its either 1 or 2 jumps until they meet.

"union" Data Type What is the output of the following program? Why?
Answers :
#include
main() {
typedef union {
int a;char b[10];
float c;
}
Union;
Union x,y = {100};
x.a = 50;
strcpy(x.b,"hello");
x.c = 21.50;
printf("Union x : %d %s %f n",x.a,x.b,x.c);
printf("Union y : %d %s %f n",y.a,y.b,y.c);
}

String Processing --- Write out a function that prints out all the permutations of a string. For example, abc would give you abc, acb, bac, bca, cab, cba.

Answers :
void PrintPermu (char *sBegin, char* sRest)
{
int iLoop;
char cTmp;
char cFLetter[1];
char *sNewBegin;
char *sCur;int iLen;
static int iCount;
iLen = strlen(sRest);
if (iLen == 2) {iCount++;
printf("%d: %s%s\n",iCount,sBegin,sRest);
iCount++;printf("%d: %s%c%c\n",iCount,sBegin,sRest[1],sRest[0]);return;
}
else if (iLen == 1) {iCount++;
printf("%d: %s%s\n", iCount, sBegin, sRest);return;
}
else
{
// swap the first character of sRest with each of
// the remaining chars recursively call debug print
sCur = (char*)malloc(iLen);
sNewBegin = (char*)malloc(iLen);
for (iLoop = 0; iLoop <>
iLoop ++)
{
strcpy(sCur, sRest);
strcpy(sNewBegin, sBegin);
cTmp = sCur[iLoop];
sCur[iLoop] = sCur[0];sCur[0] = cTmp;sprintf(cFLetter, "%c", sCur[0]);
strcat(sNewBegin, cFLetter);
debugprint(sNewBegin, sCur+1);
}}}
void main()
{char s[255];
char sIn[255];
printf("\nEnter a string:");
scanf("%s%*c",sIn);
memset(s,0,255);
PrintPermu(s, sIn);
}

 What is Polymorphism

'Polymorphism' is an object oriented term. Polymorphism may be defined as the ability of related objects to respond to the same message with different, but appropriate actions. In other words, polymorphism means taking more than one form. Polymorphism leads to two important aspects in Object Oriented terminology - Function Overloading and Function Overriding. Overloading is the practice of supplying more than one definition for a given function name in the same scope. The compiler is left to pick the appropriate version of the function or operator based on the arguments with which it is called. Overriding refers to the modifications made in the sub class to the inherited methods from the base class to change their behavior.

 What is Operator overloading
When an operator is overloaded, it takes on an additional meaning relative to a certain class. But it can still retain all of its old meanings.Examples:1) The operators >> and <<>Dynamic Binding :The address of the functions are determined at runtime rather than @ compile time. This is also known as "Late Binding".

Static Binding :The address of the functions are determined at compile time rather than @ run time. This is also known as "Early Binding"

What is Difference Between C/C++

C does not have a class/object concept.
C++ provides data abstraction, data encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism.
C++ supports all C syntax.
In C passing value to a function is "Call by Value" whereas in C++ its "Call by Reference"File extension is .c in C while .cpp in C++.(C++ compiler compiles the files with .c extension but C compiler can not!)
In C structures can not have contain functions declarations. In C++ structures are like classes, so declaring functions is legal and allowed.
C++ can have inline/virtual functions for the classes.
c++ is C with Classes hence C++ while in c the closest u can get to an User defined data type is struct and union

 What will be the output of the following code?

void main ()
{ int i = 0 , a[3] ;
a[i] = i++;
printf ("%d",a[i]) ;

} The output for the above code would be a garbage value. In the statement a[i] = i++; the value of the variable i would get assigned first to a[i] i.e. a[0] and then the value of i would get incremented by 1. Since a[i] i.e. a[1] has not been initialized, a[i] will have a garbage value.

 Why doesn't the following code give the desired result?

int x = 3000, y = 2000 ;

long int z = x * y ;
Here the multiplication is carried out between two ints x and y, and the result that would overflow would be truncated before being assigned to the variable z of type long int. However, to get the correct output, we should use an explicit cast to force long arithmetic as shown below: long int z = ( long int ) x * y ;
Note that ( long int )( x * y ) would not give the desired effect.

 Why doesn't the following statement work?

char str[ ] = "Hello" ;
strcat ( str, '!' ) ;
The string function strcat( ) concatenates strings and not a character. The basic difference between a string and a character is that a string is a collection of characters, represented by an array of characters whereas a character is a single character. To make the above statement work writes the statement as shown below:
strcat ( str, "!" ) ;

 How do I know how many elements an array can hold?

The amount of memory an array can consume depends on the data type of an array. In DOS environment, the amount of memory an array can consume depends on the current memory model (i.e. Tiny, Small, Large, Huge, etc.). In general an array cannot consume more than 64 kb. Consider following program, which shows the maximum number of elements an array of type int, float and char can have in case of Small memory model.

main( )
{
int i[32767] ;
float f[16383] ;
char s[65535] ;
}

10. How do I write code that reads data at memory location specified by segment and offset?

Use peekb( ) function. This function returns byte(s) read from specific segment and offset locations in memory. The following program illustrates use of this function. In this program from VDU memory we have read characters and its attributes of the first row. The information stored in file is then further read and displayed using peek( ) function.
#include
#include
main( )
{

char far *scr = 0xB8000000 ;
FILE *fp ;
int offset ;
char ch ;

if ( ( fp = fopen ( "scr.dat", "wb" ) ) == NULL )
{

printf ( "\nUnable to open file" ) ;
exit( ) ;

}

// reads and writes to file
for ( offset = 0 ; offset < fp =" fopen" offset =" 0">

how do you find out if a linked-list has an end?
You can find out by using 2 pointers. One of them goes 2 nodes each time. The second one goes at 1 nodes each time. If there is a cycle, the one that goes 2 nodes each time will eventually meet the one that goes slower. If that is the case, then you will know the linked-list is a cycle.

What is the difference between realloc() and free()?
The free subroutine frees a block of memory previously allocated by the malloc subroutine. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer. If the Pointer parameter is a null value, no action will occur. The realloc subroutine changes the size of the block of memory pointed to by the Pointer parameter to the number of bytes specified by the Size parameter and returns a new pointer to the block. The pointer specified by the Pointer parameter must have been created with the malloc, calloc, or realloc subroutines and not been deallocated with the free or realloc subroutines. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer.

What is function overloading and operator overloading?
Function overloading: C++ enables several functions of the same name to be defined, as long as these functions have different sets of parameters (at least as far as their types are concerned). This capability is called function overloading. When an overloaded function is called, the C++ compiler selects the proper function by examining the number, types and order of the arguments in the call. Function overloading is commonly used to create several functions of the same name that perform similar tasks but on different data types
Does c++ support multilevel and multiple inheritance?
Yes.

What is the difference between class and structure?
Structure: Initially (in C) a structure was used to bundle different type of data types together to perform a particular functionality. But C++ extended the structure to contain functions also. The major difference is that all declarations inside a structure are by default public.
Class: Class is a successor of Structure. By default all the members inside the class are private.

What do you mean by inheritance?
Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived classes, from existing classes or base classes. The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class, but can add embellishments and refinements of its own.

What are 2 ways of exporting a function from a DLL?
1.Taking a reference to the function from the DLL instance.
2. Using the DLL ’s Type Library.

What are virtual functions?
A virtual function allows derived classes to replace the implementation provided by the base class. The compiler makes sure the replacement is always called whenever the object in question is actually of the derived class, even if the object is accessed by a base pointer rather than a derived pointer. This allows algorithms in the base class to be replaced in the derived class, even if users don’t know about the derived class.

What is a scope resolution operator?
A scope resolution operator (::), can be used to define the member functions of a class outside the class.


What’s the best way to declare and define global variables?
The best way to declare global variables is to declare them after including all the files so that it can be used in all the functions.

What’s the auto keyword good for?
Not much. It declares an object with automatic storage duration. Which means the object will be destroyed at the end of the objects scope. All variables in functions that are not declared as static and not dynamically allocated have automatic storage duration by default.
For example
int main()
{
int b; //this is the same as writing “auto int b;”
}

What does extern mean in a function declaration?
It tells the compiler that a variable or a function exists, even if the compiler hasn’t yet seen it in the file currently being compiled. This variable or function may be defined in another file or further down in the current file.

hat are the differences between a C++ struct and C++ class?
The default member and base-class access specifiers are different.

Virtual Destructor – What is the need for Virtual Destructor?
Destructors are declared as virtual because if do not declare it as virtual the base class destructor will be called before the derived class destructor and that will lead to memory leak because derived class’s objects will not get freed.Destructors are declared virtual so as to bind objects to the methods at runtime so that appropriate destructor is called.

Advantages of auto variables?
auto variable have initial value as garbage.
auto int and int are  one and the same. 

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