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Improve the structure of your URLs

PMA00:53

Creating descriptive categories and filenames for the documents on your website can not only help
you keep your site better organized, but it could also lead to better crawling of your documents by
search engines. Also, it can create easier, "friendlier" URLs for those that want to link to your content.
Visitors may be intimidated by extremely long and cryptic URLs that contain few recognizable words

www.example.com/products/bike-14.html
www.example.com/bikes/red-bicycles

URLs like these can be confusing and unfriendly. Users would have a hard time reciting the URL from
memory or creating a link to it. Also, users may believe that a portion of the URL is unnecessary,
especially if the URL shows many unrecognizable parameters. They might leave off a part, breaking
the link.

Some users might link to your page using the URL of that page as the anchor text. If your URL
contains relevant words, this provides users and search engines with more information about the
page than an ID or oddly named parameter would.

Good practices for page title tags

PMA00:24

• Accurately describe the page's content - Choose a title that effectively communicates the
topic of the page's content.
Avoid:
• choosing a title that has no relation to the content on the page
• using default or vague titles like "Untitled" or "New Page 1"

• Create unique title tags for each page - Each of your pages should ideally have a unique
title tag, which helps Google know how the page is distinct from the others on your site.
Avoid:
• using a single title tag across all of your site's pages or a large group of pages

• Use brief, but descriptive titles - Titles can be both short and informative. If the title is too
long, Google will show only a portion of it in the search result.
Avoid:
• using extremely lengthy titles that are unhelpful to users
• stuffing unneeded keywords in your title tags
Make use

Create uniqueand accurate page titles

PMA00:10

A title tag tells both users and search engines what the topic of a particular page is. The <title> tag
should be placed within the <head> tag of the HTML document. Ideally, you should create a unique
title for each page on your site.

A relevant, deeper page (its title is unique to the content of the page) on our site appears as a
result

If the user clicks the result and visits the page, the page's title will appear at the top of the
browser

Titles for deeper pages on your site should accurately describe the focus of that particular page and
also might include your site or business name.

Alt tags in graphic links

PMA06:20

An example of an alt tag might be the description of a picture of the Mona Lisa on your web site.
Your alt tag, then, should look like this:
Alt=”Mona Lisa”
The alt tag usually falls at the end of the image tag. An image tag might look something like this:
<img width=”100”
height=”100”
src=”monalisa.jpg”
alt=”Mona Lisa”>
The image code breaks down like this:
<img width=”100”: The width (in pixels) of the image.
Height=”100”: The height (in pixels) of the image.
Src=”monalisa.jpg”: The source of the image file.
Alt=”Mona Lisa”>: The alternative text that’s displayed when the image is not.

One more note about alt tags: To be really effective, these tags should be used for every single image
on your web site. That could become an arduous task if your site hasn’t been properly coded to start
with (and depending on the number of images that you have on your site). However, the addition of
these tags should be advantageous to your SEO efforts as long as you don’t overstep the unspoken
boundaries of alt tags.

Character Entities

PMA04:09

Character Entities

The following table lists the defined standard and proposed character entities for HTML and XHTML, as well as several that are nonstandard but generally supported.

Entity names, if defined, appear for their respective characters and can be used in the character-entity sequence &name; to define any character for display by the browser. Otherwise, or alternatively for named characters, use the character's three-digit numeral value in the sequence &#nnn; to specially define a character entity. Actual characters, however, may or may not be displayed by the browser, depending on the computer platform and user-selected font for display.

Not all 256 characters in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) character set appear in the table. Missing ones are not recognized by the browser as either named or numeric entities.

To be sure that your documents are fully compliant with the HTML 4.0 and XHTML 1.0 standards, use only those named character entities with no entries in the Conformance column. Characters with a value of "!!!" in the Conformance column are not formally defined by the standards; use them at your own risk.

Numeric entity	Named entity	Symbol	Description	Conformance
			Horizontal tab
			Line feed
			Carriage return
			Space
!		!	Exclamation point
"	"	"	Quotation mark
#		#	Hash mark
$		$	Dollar sign
%		%	Percent sign
&	&	&	Ampersand
'		'	Apostrophe
(		(	Left parenthesis
)		)	Right parenthesis
*		*	Asterisk
+		+	Plus sign
,		,	Comma
-		-	Hyphen
.		.	Period
/		/	Slash
0-9		09	Digits 09
:		:	Colon
;		;	Semicolon
<	<	<	Less than sign
=		=	Equals sign
>	>	>	Greater than sign
?		?	Question mark
@		@	Commercial at sign
A-Z		A-Z	Letters A-Z
[		[	Left square bracket
\		\	Backslash
]		]	Right square bracket
^			Caret
_		_	Underscore
`		`	Grave accent
a-z		a-z	Letters a-z
{		{	Left curly brace
\|		\|	Vertical bar
}		}	Right curly brace
~		~	Tilde
		,	Low left single quote	!!!
			Florin	!!!
		"	Low left double quote	!!!
		...	Ellipsis	!!!
			Dagger	!!!
			Double dagger	!!!
		^	Circumflex	!!!
			Permil	!!!
			Capital S, caron	!!!
		<	Less than sign	!!!
		Œ	Capital OE ligature	!!!
			Capital Z, caron	!!!
		'	Left single quote	!!!
		'	Right single quote	!!!
		"	Left double quote	!!!
		"	Right double quote	!!!
		•	Bullet	!!!
			En dash	!!!
			Em dash	!!!
		~	Tilde	!!!
		™	Trademark	!!!
			Small s, caron	!!!
		>	Greater than sign	!!!
		œ	Small oe ligature	!!!
			Small z, caron	!!!
			Capital Y, umlaut	!!!
			Nonbreaking space
¡	¡	¡	Inverted exclamation point
¢	¢	¢	Cent sign
£	£	£	Pound sign
¤	¤	¤	General currency sign
¥	¥	¥	Yen sign
¦	¦		Broken vertical bar
§	§	§	Section sign
¨	¨	¨	Umlaut
©	©	©	Copyright
ª	ª	ª	Feminine ordinal
«	«	«	Left angle quote
¬	¬	¬	Not sign
			Soft hyphen
®	®	®	Registered trademark
¯	¯	¯	Macron accent
°	°	°	Degree sign
±	±	±	Plus or minus
²	²	²	Superscript 2
³	³	³	Superscript 3
´	´	´	Acute accent
µ	µ	μ	Micro sign (Greek mu)
¶	¶	¶	Paragraph sign
·	·	·	Middle dot
¸	¸	,	Cedilla
¹	¹	¹	Superscript 1
º	º	º	Masculine ordinal
»	»	»	Right angle quote
¼	¼	¼	Fraction one-fourth
½	½	½;	Fraction one-half
¾	¾	¾	Fraction three-fourths
¿	¿	¿	Inverted question mark
À	À	À	Capital A, grave accent
Á	Á	Á	Capital A, acute accent
Â	Â	Â	Capital A, circumflex accent
Ã	Ã	Ã	Capital A, tilde
Ä	Ä	Ä	Capital A, umlaut
Å	Å	Å	Capital A, ring
Æ	Æ	Æ	Capital AE ligature
Ç	Ç	Ç	Capital C, cedilla
È	È	È	Capital E, grave accent
É	É	É	Capital E, acute accent
Ê	Ê	Ê	Capital E, circumflex accent
Ë	Ë	Ë	Capital E, umlaut
Ì	Ì	Ì	Capital I, grave accent
Í	Í	í	Capital I, acute accent
Î	Î	Î	Capital I, circumflex accent
Ï	Ï	Ï	Capital I, umlaut
Ð	Ð		Capital eth, Icelandic
Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Capital N, tilde
Ò	Ò	Ò	Capital O, grave accent
Ó	Ó	Ó	Capital O, acute accent
Ô	Ô	Ô	Capital O, circumflex accent
Õ	Õ	Õ	Capital O, tilde
Ö	Ö	Ö	Capital O, umlaut
×	×	x	Multiply sign
Ø	Ø	Ø	Capital O, slash
Ù	Ù	Ù	Capital U, grave accent
Ú	Ú	Ú	Capital U, acute accent
Û	Û	û	Capital U, circumflex accent
Ü	Ü	Ü	Capital U, umlaut
Ý	Ý	Ý	Capital Y, acute accent
Þ	Þ		Capital thorn, Icelandic
ß	ß	ß	Small sz ligature, German
à	à	à	Small a, grave accent
á	á	á	Small a, acute accent
â	â	â	Small a, circumflex accent
ã	ã	ã	Small a, tilde
ä	ä	ä	Small a, umlaut
å	å	å	Small a, ring
æ	æ	æ	Small ae ligature
ç	ç	ç	Small c, cedilla
è	è	è	Small e, grave accent
é	é	é	Small e, acute accent
ê	ê	ê	Small e, circumflex accent
ë	ë	ë	Small e, umlaut
ì	ì	ì	Small i, grave accent
í	í	í	Small i, acute accent
î	î	î	Small i, circumflex accent
ï	ï	î	Small i, umlaut
ð	ð		Small eth, Icelandic
ñ	ñ	ñ	Small n, tilde
ò	ò	ò	Small o, grave accent
ó	ó	ó	Small o, acute accent
ô	ô	ô	Small o, circumflex accent
õ	õ	õ	Small o, tilde
ö	ö	ö	Small o, umlaut
÷	÷	÷	Division sign
ø	ø		Small o, slash
ù	ù	ù	Small u, grave accent
ú	ú	ú	Small u, acute accent
û	û	Û	Small u, circumflex accent
ü	ü	ü	Small u, umlaut
ý	ý	y	Small y, acute accent
þ	þ		Small thorn, Icelandic
ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Small y, umlaut

Layers

PMA04:08

Spacers and multiple columns are natural extensions to conventional HTML, existing within a document's normal flow. With version 4, Netscape took HTML into an entirely new dimension with layers. It transforms the single-element document model into one containing many layered elements that are combined to form the final document. Regrettably, layers are not supported by Netscape 6 or any version of Internet Explorer.

Layers supply the layout artist with a critical element missing in standard HTML: absolute positioning of content within the browser window. Layers let you define a self-contained unit of HTML content that can be positioned anywhere in the browser window, placed above or below other layers, and made to appear and disappear as you desire. Document layouts that were impossible with conventional HTML are trivial with layers.

If you think of your document as a sheet of paper, layers are like sheets of clear plastic placed on top of your document. For each layer, you define the content of the layer, its position relative to the base document, and the order in which it is placed on the document. Layers can be transparent or opaque, visible or hidden, providing an endless combination of layout options.

H.3.1. The <layer> Tag (Antiquated)

Each HTML document content layer is defined with the <layer> tag. A layer can be thought of as a miniature HTML document whose content is defined between the <layer> and </layer> tags. Alternatively, the content of the layer can be retrieved from another HTML document by using the src attribute with the <layer> tag.

<layer> (Antiquated)

Function	Defines a layer of content within a document
Attributes	`above`, `background`, `below`, `bgcolor`, `class`, `clip`, `left`, `name`, `src`, `style`, `top`, `visibility`, `width`, `z-index`
End tag	`</layer>`; never omitted
Contains	body_content
Used in	block

Regardless of its origin, Netscape 4 formats a layer's content exactly like a conventional document, except that the result is contained within that separate layer, apart from the rest of your document. You control the position and visibility of this layer using the attributes of the <layer> tag.

Layers can be nested, too. Nested layers move with the containing layer and are visible only if the containing layer itself is visible.

Multicolumn Layout

PMA04:07

Multicolumn text formatting is one of the most common features of desktop publishing. In addition to creating attractive pages in a variety of formats, multiple columns let you present your text using shorter, easier-to-read lines. HTML page designers have longed for the ability to easily create multiple text columns in a single page, but they have been forced to use various tricks,

Netscape 4 neatly solved this problem with the unique <multicol> tag. While fancy unbalanced columns and straddling are not possible with this tag, as they are with tables, conventionally balanced text columns are easy to create with <multicol>. And while this capability is available only with Netscape 4, the <multicol> tag degrades nicely in other browsers.

H.2.1. The <multicol> Tag (Antiquated)

The <multicol> tag creates multiple columns of text and lets you control the size and number of columns.

<multicol> (Antiquated)

Function	Formats text with multiple columns
Attributes	`class`, `cols`, `gutter`, `style`, `width`
End tag	`</multicol>`; never omitted
Contains	body_content
Used in	block

The <multicol> tag can contain any other HTML content, much like the <div> tag. All of the content within the <multicol> tag is displayed just like conventional content, except that Netscape 4 places the contents into multiple columns rather than just one.

The <multicol> tag creates a break in the text flow and inserts a blank line before rendering its content into multiple columns. After the tag, another blank line is added and the text flow resumes using the previous layout and formatting.

Netscape 4 automatically balances the columns, making each approximately the same length. Where possible, the browser moves text between columns to accomplish the balancing. In some cases, the columns cannot be balanced perfectly because of embedded images, tables, or other large elements.

You can nest <multicol> tags, embedding one set of columns within another set of columns. While infinite nesting is supported, more than two levels of nesting are generally impractical and results in unattractive text flows.

THE CONCEPT OF KEYWORDS

PMA03:54

This is the most fundamental concept in SEO. Keywords and
keyphrases are the words that users might enter into a search engine
to find information which could potentially lead them to your site. They
also indicate to search engines what your site is all about.

Keywords can and should be placed in the meta tags, URLs, and
content of your site in order for search engines to ‘see’ them. This
means that the content of your site must actually be relevant to, and
contain your chosen keywords prominently (we’ll get to how to do all
this later on in the book).

An important factor to consider is that some phrases will be more
competitive than others ie. More sites will be targeting certain obvious
phrases and it will be harder for your site to rank highly when that is
the case.

WHEN TO IMPLEMENT SEO

PMA03:47

Ideally you should be considering these SEO concepts right from the
get-go; at the conceptualization and design stage of your site so that
you can integrate them into the design as it is executed. Some
designers are more SEO-savvy than others so you may even have to
educate your designer a little, or give him/her a copy of this e-book so
he/she can implement some of the ideas into the design.

However, I’m assuming that many of you already have a site up and
running that you would like to optimize, and that’s totally fine too.
These techniques can be implemented at any stage with little trouble,
and it’s never too late to start!

Using powerful titles

PMA03:41

Page titles are one of the most important elements of site optimization. When a crawler examines
your site, the first elements it looks at are the page titles. And when your site is ranked in search
results, page titles are again one of the top elements considered. So when you create your web site,
you need to have great page titles.
There are several considerations when coming up with your page titles. Here are some of the key
factors to consider:

Unless you’re Microsoft, don’t use your company name in the page title. A better choice
is to use a descriptive keyword or phrase that tells users exactly what’s on the page. This
helps ensure that your search engine rankings are accurate.

Try to keep page titles to less than 50 characters, including spaces. Some search engines
will index only up to 50 characters; others might index as many as 150. However, maintaining
shorter page titles forces you to be precise in the titles that you choose and ensures
that your page title will never be cut off in the search results.

<title>A Descriptive Web Site Title</title>

Seo Tips|PHP|interview questions|hosting|Job|News|Top websites blogs list|Top classifieds

Improve the structure of your URLs

Good practices for page title tags

Create uniqueand accurate page titles

Alt tags in graphic links

Character Entities

Character Entities

Layers

H.3.1. The <layer> Tag (Antiquated)

<layer> (Antiquated)

Multicolumn Layout

H.2.1. The <multicol> Tag (Antiquated)

<multicol> (Antiquated)

THE CONCEPT OF KEYWORDS

WHEN TO IMPLEMENT SEO

Using powerful titles

Top Posts

Contact

Quick Links

Tech News

PHP -web Tools

Character Entities

H.3.1. The <layer> Tag (Antiquated)

<layer> (Antiquated)

H.2.1. The <multicol> Tag (Antiquated)

<multicol> (Antiquated)

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