Link metrics

There are several tools you can use, including your Google and Bing
Webmaster accounts. While Google and Bing are free and easy to use (assuming
you've already set up the accounts, as we advised in earlier chapters), there is a much
better solution: Majestic SEO.

Majestic SEO provides both a free and a premium subscription service. If you control
the site you want to track, and have access to the site's root directory on the server,
then you can use the free service. Once you have registered, and verified your
ownership of the site, you can use Majestic SEO to produce rich reports on the link
history of the site. The data is very complete, and allows you to track both internal
and external links, to view trend over time, and to look at a variety of other metrics.

Social media's increasing role in search marketing was also highlighted, with a
recommendation made to not only be proactive about using social media to promote
your content but also to inspire and motivate your users to promote your content
through their social networks.

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Links broad categories-make your own links

1.Organic links: These are links to your site that are voluntarily given by
others. Organic links are normally a by-product of excellent content that
people want to share.

2. Solicited links: Links obtained by reaching out to another site and
requesting a link. This would include links you purchase, reciprocal links,
and other similar schemes.

3. Self-created links: Links that you create by posting content on other sites.
This category includes article submissions, press releases, forum posts,
comments, and proactive social sharing.


Finding quality link partners begins with a search for relevant sites.
The goal is to identify sites that will return the highest value in exchange for the
amount of effort you have to invest to obtain the link.


1.Add allintitle: keyword to find pages where your keywords appear in the
page title.
2.Add allinurl: keyword to restrict the search results to only those pages
where the keywords are part of the URL.
3. Add allinanchor: keyword to find links where the keywords appear in the
anchor text for links.
4. Add allintext: keyword to find pages that have the highest relevance for
your keywords in the content of the page.

 Make your own links

# Article exchanges
# Video sharing sites
# Document sharing sites
#Directories
# Comments
# Forum posts
# Content aggregators
# Submit your site opportunities
# Press release distribution

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Webmaster Tools-Bing,Google

Bing Webmaster Tools is essentially, a parallel service to Google Webmaster Tools.
The service is provided free of charge by Bing and allows you to perform the
same basic tasks you can find on Google Webmaster Tools.

To set up Bing Webmaster Tools for your site, simply create an account for the
domain and then verify your ownership of the site. The system provides several
alternatives for verifying your ownership of the domain; the easiest is probably to
upload the XML file that Bing provides during the setup process.

Add your XML sitemap.
1. Log in to Bing Webmaster Tools.
2. Click on the name of your site.
3. On the page that loads, click on the Crawl tab at the top of the page.
4. On the Crawl Summary page, click on the Sitemaps (XML, Atom, RSS) link,
either at the top, under the tabs or in the left hand navigation column.
5. On the Sitemaps page, click on the Add Feed button.
6. Type the URL of your XML sitemap in the pop-up that appears.
7. Click on the Submit button.
Your XML sitemap is now queued to be crawled by the Bing spider; check back in a
day or so to verify that it was successful and free from errors.

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Drupal's SEO tips

Tthe default SEO options in Drupal provide
you with basic features you need, such as search engine friendly URLs.


1.Configuring your Site Details
2. Creating basic search engine friendly URLs
3. Optimizing URL aliases
4. Controlling taxonomy and tagging
5. Setting up your site's RSS feed


To add a slogan to your site:
1. Access the admin dashboard of your Drupal site.
2. Click on the Configuration link on the admin navigation menu at the top of
the page.
3. In the System section of the page, click on the link labeled Site information.
4. Enter the text you want to use in the field marked Slogan.
5. Click on the Save configuration button.

RSS feeds are an effective way of exposing your site's content both to users and to
the various indexing services. Drupal comes with RSS capabilities; you don't need to
add any extensions to publish your site's content via RSS. You do, however, need to
configure the feed and add the subscription link to your site.

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Bing Webmaster-seo-tools

Bing Webmaster service is the basic tools that help you diagnose and track your site. Registration is
free.

Black hat
Black hat is a label used to describe the use of SEO techniques that are illegal,
unethical, or of questionable propriety.

Bot (also known as Robot, Spider, or Crawler)
A robot, or bot for short, is a software agent that indexes web pages. It is also called
a spider or crawler.

Canonical URLs
Canonical URLs are URLs that have been standardized into a consistent form. For
the search engines, this typically implies making sure all your pages use consistent
URL structures, for example, making sure all your URLs start with www.

Cloaking
Cloaking is a black hat SEO technique that involves presenting the search engine
spider with different content than you show a normal site visitor.

Crawl depth
search engine spider has indexed a
website. This is typically an issue relevant for sites with a complex hierarchy of
pages. The deeper the spider indexes the site, the better.

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pass information from page to page-best seo

Adding information to the URL: You can add certain information to the
end of the URL of the new page, and PHP puts the information into builtin
arrays that you can use in the new page. This method is most appropriate
when you need to pass only a small amount of information.

1. Storing information via cookies: You can store cookies — small
amounts of information containing variable=value pairs — on the
user’s computer. After the cookie is stored, you can get it from any
Web page. However, users can refuse to accept cookies. Therefore, this
method works only in environments where you know for sure that the
user has cookies turned on.

2. Passing information using HTML forms: You can pass information to a
specific program by using a form tag. When the user clicks the submit
button, the information in the form is sent to the next program. This
method is useful when you need to collect information from users.

3. Using PHP session functions: Beginning with PHP 4, PHP functions
are available that set up a user session and store session information
on the server; this information can be accessed from any Web page.
This method is useful when you expect users to view many pages in a
session.

Add information to the URL

A simple method  to move information from one page to the next is to add the
information to the URL. Put the information in the following format:
variable=value
The variable is a variable name, but do not use a dollar sign ($) in
it. The value is the value to be stored in the variable. You can add the
variable=value pair anywhere that you use a URL. You signal the start of
the information with a question mark (?). The following statements are all
valid ways of passing information in the URL:
<form action=”page.php?price=4545” method=”POST”>
<a href=”page.php?price=654”>page</a>
header(“Location: page.php?tips=SEO”);

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Drupal-Optimizations

While most optimizations to Drupal are done within other layers of the software stack, there are a few
buttons and levers within Drupal itself that yield significant performance gains.

Page Caching
Sometimes it’s the easy things that are overlooked, which is why they’re worth mentioning again. Drupal
has a built-in way to reduce the load on the database by storing and sending compressed cached pages
requested by anonymous users. By enabling the cache, you are effectively reducing pages to a single
database query rather than the many queries that might have been executed otherwise. Drupal caching
is disabled by default and can be configured at Configuration -> Performance.

Bandwidth Optimization
There is another performance optimization on the Configuration -> Performance page to reduce the
number of requests made to the server. By enabling the “Aggregate and compress CSS files into one”
feature, Drupal takes the CSS files created by modules, compresses them, and rolls them into a single file
inside a css directory in your “File system path.” The “Aggregate JavaScript files into one file” feature
concatenates multiple JavaScript files into one and places that file inside a js directory in your “File
system path.” This reduces the number of HTTP requests per page and the overall size of the
downloaded page.

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Dedicated Servers vs. Virtual Servers

Dedicated physical servers are going to outperform virtual servers when it comes to network I/O, disk
I/O, and memory I/O, even in situations where the virtual server supposedly has been allocated more
resources (CPU, disk, and memory) than a dedicated server of similar specs. An important factor to
consider is that in a virtualized server environment, the CPU, disk I/O, memory I/O, and network I/O
have added I/O routing layers between the server OS and the actual hardware. And, therefore, all I/O
operations are subject to task scheduling whims of the host hypervisor as well as the demands of
neighboring virtual machines on the same physical host.

As a real example, a virtual server hosting a database server may have twice as much CPU power as a
cheaper physical dedicated server; however, the virtual server may also have an added 1ms network
latency (a very real example from an actual Xen virtualized environment), even between neighboring
virtual machines. Now, 1ms network latency doesn’t seem like enough latency to care about, until you
consider that a logged-in Drupal page request may involve hundreds of serialized MySQL queries; thus
the total network latency overhead can amount to a full second of your page load time. An added latency
of just one second per page request may also seem affordable; however, also consider the rate of
incoming page requests and whether this one-second delay will cause PHP processes to pile up in heavy
traffic, thus driving up your server load. Adding more and bigger virtual servers to your stack does not
make this I/O latency factor disappear either. The same can be said for disk I/O: virtual disks will always
be slower than physical local physical disks, no matter how much CPU and memory the virtual server
has been allocated.

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Apache Pool Size

When using Apache prefork, you want to size your Apache child process pool to avoid process pool
churning. In other words, when the Apache server starts, you want to immediately prefork a large pool of
Apache processes (as many as your web server memory can support) and have that entire pool of child
processes present and waiting for requests, even if they are idle most of the time, rather than constantly
incurring the performance overhead of killing and re-spawning Apache child processes in response to
the traffic level of the moment.
Here are example Apache prefork settings for a Drupal web server running mod_php.
StartServers 40
MinSpareServers 40
MaxSpareServers 40
MaxClients 80
MaxRequestsPerChild 20000
This is telling Apache to start 40 child processes immediately, and always leave it at 40 processes
even if traffic is low, but if traffic is really heavy, then burst up to 80 child processes. (You can raise the 40
and 80 limits according to your own server dimensions.)
You may look at this and ask, “Well, isn’t that a waste of memory to have big fat idle Apache
processes hanging about?” But remember this: the goal is to have fast page delivery, and there is no prize
for having a lot of free memory.

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Moving Directives from .htaccess to httpd.conf

Drupal ships with two .htaccess files: one is at the Drupal root, and the other is automatically generated
after you create your directory to store uploaded files and visit Configuration -> File system to tell Drupal
where the directory is. Any .htaccess files are searched for, read, and parsed on every request. In
contrast, httpd.conf is read only when Apache is started. Apache directives can live in either file. If you
have control of your own server, you should move the contents of the .htaccess files to the main Apache
configuration file (httpd.conf) and disable .htaccess lookups within your web server root by setting
AllowOverride to None:

<Directory />
AllowOverride None
...
</Directory>
This prevents Apache from traversing up the directory tree of every request looking for the
.htaccess file to execute. Apache will then have to do less work for each request, giving it more time to
serve more requests.

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